ASTM E1923-1997(2008) 陆上和湿地植被取样的标准指南

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【英文标准名称】:StandardGuideforSamplingTerrestrialandWetlandsVegetation
【原文标准名称】:陆上和湿地植被取样的标准指南
【标准号】:ASTME1923-1997(2008)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:1997
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E47.02
【标准类型】:(Guide)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:mensuration;phytosociology;plantcommunitysampling;vegetation
【摘要】:Vegetationsamplingisusefulforinvestigatingplantsuccessionandcommunitycompositionforavarietyofpurposesincludinglanduseplanning,resourcesurveys,assessmentofvegetationresponsetotoxicmaterialsandotherenvironmentalstresses,andforecologicalresearch(11).1.1Thisguidecoversenvironmentalstudiessuchasriskassessments,planningprojects,orresearchtypicallyincludingcharacterizationofecologicalresources.Compliancewithfederalstatutes(forexample,NationalEnvironmentalPolicyAct1970,(NEPA);ComprehensiveEnvironmentalResponse,CompensationandLiabilityAct1981,(CERCLA:withitsRemedialInvestigation/Feasibility(RI/FS)andNaturalResourceDamageAssessment(NRDA)components);ResourceConservationRecoveryAct(RCRA),andFederalInsecticide,Fungicide,andRodenticideAct,(FIFRA))aswellasstateregulationsaddressingprojectssuchashazardouswastesiteassessmentsandenvironmentalimpactanalysisoftenrequirescharacterizationofvegetation.Thisguidepresentsaframeworkforselectionofterrestrialvegetationsamplingmethodsbasedonproject-specificobjectives.Method-specificpracticesareassociatedwiththisbasicguideasannexes.1.2Aswithanydatagatheringactivity,thevalueofinformationisaffectedbythestrategyandsamplingdesign.Determiningthenumberofsamplepoints,temporalandspatiallocationofsamplepoints,relationshipsamongsamplingpoints,andthecorrespondenceofothersamplingactivitiesareimportantconsiderations.Strengthsandlimitationsofvariousmethodsaredescribedingeneraltermsinthisguide.However,thekeyissueslinkedtodataqualityrelatetothespecificquestionbeingaddressedandtheadequacyofthefieldsamplingplan.1.3solely-SI-units;Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
【中国标准分类号】:Z04
【国际标准分类号】:
【页数】:19P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语


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Product Code:SAE AMS2644
Title:Inspection Material, Penetrant
Issuing Committee:Ams K Non Destructive Methods And Processes Committee
Scope:This specification establishes the classification, technical requirements, tests, and test procedures for the qualification, approval, and quality verification of all materials used in the liquid penetrant methods of inspection with the exception of those excluded in the application section.【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforRheologicalPropertiesofPastePrintingandVehiclesbytheFalling-RodViscometer
【原文标准名称】:落杆粘度计测定浆料印刷和载色体流变性的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMD4040-2005
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2005
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D01.56
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:试验;粘度;颜料;墨水
【英文主题词】:apparentviscosity;falling-rodviscometers;inks;non-Newtonianism;powerlawviscosity;printinginks;shortness;vehicles;viscometers;viscosity;yieldvalue
【摘要】:Apparentviscosityattherelativelyhighshearrateof2500sx2212;1doesnotcompletelydefinetherheologicalpropertiesofprintinginksbutisusefulinthepracticalcontrolofinkviscosityduringproductionandthespecificationacceptancebetweensupplierandpurchaser.Theslopeofthepowerlawplotisthepreferredmeasureofnon-Newtonianism.Theyieldvalue,whichisobtainedbyextrapolationofhigh-shearmeasurementstoashearrateapproachingzero,doesnotconformtothedefinitionofthetrueyieldstress(see3.1.7).Theyieldvalueandotherlowshearparametersarealsosubjecttoahighdegreeofvariability(seetheprecisiontableinSection17).1.1Thistestmethodcoverstheprocedurefordeterminingthefalling-rodviscosityanddegreeofnon-Newtonianbehaviorofprintinginks,vehicles,andsimilarliquidsthatareessentiallynonvolatileandunreactiveunderordinaryroomconditions.1.2Forprintinginks,whicharetypicallynon-Newtonian,thistestmethodisapplicableintheapparentviscosityrangefromabout10to300Patashearrateof2500s1.ForNewtonianliquids,theapplicableviscosityrangeisabout10to1000P(1P=0.1Pas).1.3Thistestmethodusesafalling-rodviscometerinwhichshearconditionsarealteredbymanuallyaddingweighttotherod.AfullyautomaticinstrumentisdescribedinTestMethodD6606.1.4Thistestmethod,asdoesTestMethodD6606,basescalculationsonthepowerlawmodelofviscosity.ISO12644coversnotonlythepowerlawbutalsotheCassonandBinghammodels.1.5ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasstandard.Nootherunitsofmeasurementareincludedinthisstandard.1.6Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.Forspecifichazardstatements,seeSection8.
【中国标准分类号】:A17
【国际标准分类号】:87_080
【页数】:9P.;A4
【正文语种】: